Dattes
Le dattier appartient à la famille des palmiers. Il peut atteindre une hauteur d' environ 20 mètres. Ses feuilles mesurent jusqu'à 5 mètres de long. Elles ont des épines sur le pétiole et sont en forme de peignes. Elles portent plus ou moins 150 folioles de 30 cm de long et de 2 cm de large. Seuls les arbres femelles peuvent produire des fruits. Les palmiers dattiers tolèrent des périodes de sécheresse et de chaleur. Un climat très chaud est important pour un rendement de dattes de bonne qualité.
Nom latin
Origine
L'origine du palmier dattier n'est pas connue car il fût, très tôt dans l'histoire humaine, largement diffusé. Vraisemblablement, il est apparu en premier dans la région de l'Irak.
Partie utilisée
Les fruits.
Composants actifs
Sucres: les dattes sont riches en sucres naturels Fibres (pectine): ces constituants contribuent au transit intestinal en exerçant une action de lest.
Usage
Les dates peuvent être consommées fraîches ou séchées, à titre par exemple de snack sain et nutritif. Les feuilles et le bourgeon terminal peuvent être consommés cuits. La sève sert à préparer des boissons ou des sirops. Les noyaux fournissent une huile qui peut être utilisée dans la préparation de produits cosmétiques et de savons. Le palmier fournit du bois de construction.
Le fruit contient des fibres et est nutritif. 1
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