Arpagofito o artiglio del diavolo
È una pianta erbacea perenne. La sua radice principale penetra verticalmente molto in profondità nel terreno e possiede radici secondarie in tuberi bulbosi che possono pesare fino a 1,5 kg. Le foglie sono carnose, picciolate, opposte e lobate, di colore verde chiaro. I fiori singoli, a trombetta (4 - 6 cm), di colore rosa pallido diventano leggermente rosso-violacei quando maturano. I frutti legnosi molto caratteristici, lunghi da 10 a 20 cm, appoggiamo direttamente al suolo e sui lati presentano dei lunghi aculei ricurvi e acuminati, che danno loro la caratteristica forma ad artiglio.
Nome latino
Origine
Regioni desertiche dell’Africa sudorientale (soprattutto deserto del Kalahari e steppe della Namibia).
Parte utilizzata
I rizomi
Principi attivi
Iridoidi (arpagide, arpagoside, cumaroilarpagide, procumbide): sostanze responsabili dell’effetto antinfiammatorio e analgesico e della protezione delle cartilagini.
Acidi fenolici: antiossidante.
Flavonoidi: antiossidante.
Uso
In Africa numerosi gruppi etnici utilizzano abitualmente i rizomi dell’artiglio del diavolo per svariati usi. Per curare lo stomaco, dolori post-partum, febbre, inappetenza, indigestione, per guarire le malattie infettive, curare l’infertilità femminile e i dolori agli arti.
L’artiglio del diavolo è diventato oggetto di molteplici studi scientifici negli anni ‘50 quando gli scienziati tedeschi hanno iniziato a interessarsi alla medicina tradizionale della Namibia.
Da allora, si utilizzano preparati a base di tuberi per trattare le artrosi dolorose, le tendiniti, la gotta, la lombalgia, la mialgia, la dispepsia, l’inappetenza e come terapia di sostegno per i reumatismi degenerativi.
Fino agli anni ‘90, si sapeva poco delle sostanze attive precise, dei loro effetti esatti e della loro efficacia. Ormai ulteriori studi hanno mostrato che alcuni estratti di arpagofito sono efficaci e il loro utilizzo non presenta controindicazioni.
L’utilizzo dell’artiglio del diavolo è oggi sostenuto scientificamente grazie alla sua azione calmante1-21 in caso di disturbi articolari22-33 e di dolori lombari.34-40 L’estratto di questa pianta può inoltre essere impiegato in creme e gel per uso esterno. 41-43
Referenze bibliografiche
- Community herbal monograph on Harpagophytum procumbens DC. and/or Harpagophytum zeyheri Decne, Radix
Committee On Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC)
Doc. Ref.: EMEA/HMPC/251323/2006
http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Herbal_-_Community_herbal_monograph/2010/01/WC500059018.pdf - Formation of nitrogen-containing metabolites from the main iridoids of Harpagophytum procumbens and H. zeyheri by human intestinal bacteria
Baghdikian B., Guiraud-Dauriac H., Ollivier E., N’Guyen A., Dumenil G., Balansard G.
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Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10193209 - Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil's Claw): A Possible Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agent (An Experimental Study)
Mohamad Ibrahim Ahmed, Mohamad Ismael Afifi, Ibrahim Hamdy Younos
Bioline: http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?pt05013 - Inhibition of TNF-alpha synthesis in LPS-stimulated primary human monocytes by Harpagophytum extract SteiHap 69.
Fiebich BL, Heinrich M, Hiller KO, Kammerer N.
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Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292236 - Harpagoside suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression through inhibition of NF-kappa B activation.
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J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Mar 8;104(1-2):149-55.
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