Ginseng
Latin name
Origin
Used part
Active components
Saponins (ginsenosides): have a modulating effect on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and are therefore responsible for its adaptogenic effect.
Polysaccharides: responsible for the immunostimulant properties.
Usage
Bibliographical references
- Panax ginseng reduces oxidative stress and restores antioxidantcapacity in aged rats. Ramesh T, Kim SW, Hwang SY, Sohn SH, Yoo SK,Kim SK. Nutr Res. 2012 Sep;32(9):718-26. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23084645
- Chemical insightsinto ginseng as a resource for natural antioxidants. Liu ZQ. ChemRev. 2012 Jun 13;112(6):3329-55. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22352962
- Antioxidant effectsof Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in healthy subjects: a randomized,placebo-controlled clinical trial. Kim HG, Yoo SR, Park HJ, Lee NH,Shin JW, Sathyanath R, Cho JH, Son CG. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011Sep;49(9):2229-35. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21699953
- Cardiovascularprotection by ginsenosides and their nitric oxide releasing action.Chen X. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1996 Aug;23(8):728-32. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8886498
- The effects ofginseng on the performance of nurses on night duty. Fulder, S.,Hallstrom, C. & Carruthers, M. Korean Ginseng ResearchInstitute, 1974, 81-85. World Scientific:http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S014729177800037X
- Ginseng and the hypothalamic-pituitary control of stress. FulderSJ. Am J Chin Med. 1981 Summer;9(2):112-8. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7345916
- Stimulation ofpituitary-adrenocortical system by ginseng saponin. Hiai S,Yokoyama H, Oura H, Yano S. Endocrinol Jpn. 1979 Dec;26(6):661-5.Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/232038
- Features ofginseng saponin-induced corticosterone secretion. Hiai S, YokoyamaH, Oura H. Endocrinol Jpn. 1979 Dec;26(6):737-40. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/396151
- Ginseng, sex behavior,and nitric oxide. Murphy LL, Lee TJ. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002May;962:372-7. Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12076988
10. The aphrodisiac and adaptogenic properties of ginseng. NocerinoE, Amato M, Izzo AA. Fitoterapia. 2000 Aug;71 Suppl 1:S1-5. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10930706 - Treatment ofinsomnia: an alternative approach. Attele AS, Xie JT, Yuan CS.Altern Med Rev. 2000 Jun;5(3):249-59. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10869104
- Effects ofstandardized ginseng extract on learning, memory and physicalcapabilities. Petkov VD, Mosharrof AH. Am J Chin Med.1987;15(1-2):19-29. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3687838
- Actions ofginsenoside Rb1 on choline uptake in central cholinergic nerveendings. Benishin CG. Neurochem Int. 1992 Jul;21(1):1-5. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1338897
- Inhibitory effect ofginsenosides on NMDA receptor-mediated signals in rat hippocampalneurons. Kim S, Ahn K, Oh TH, Nah SY, Rhim H. Biochem Biophys ResCommun. 2002 Aug 16;296(2):247-54. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12163009
- Long-termginsenoside administration prevents memory impairment in agedC57BL/6J mice by up-regulating the synaptic plasticity-relatedproteins in hippocampus. Zhao H, Li Q, Pei X, Zhang Z, Yang R, WangJ, Li Y. Behav Brain Res. 2009 Aug 12;201(2):311-7. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19428650
- Memory effects ofstandardized extracts of Panax ginseng (G115), Ginkgo biloba (GK501) and their combination Gincosan (PHL-00701). Petkov VD, KehayovR, Belcheva S, Konstantinova E, Petkov VV, Getova D, Markovska V.Planta Med. 1993 Apr;59(2):106-14. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8488188
- Non-ginsenosidenicotinic activity in ginseng species. Lewis R, Wake G, Court G,Court JA, Pickering AT, Kim YC, Perry EK. Phytother Res. 1999Feb;13(1):59-64. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189953
- Dose dependentchanges in cognitive performance and mood following acuteadministration of Ginseng to healthy young volunteers. Kennedy DO,Scholey AB, Wesnes KA. Nutr Neurosci. 2001;4(4):295-310. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11842896
- The effect of acuteadministration of 400mg of Panax ginseng on cognitive performanceand mood in healthy young volunteers. Sünram-Lea, S. I. andBirchall, R. and Wesnes, K. A. and Petrini Nutraceutical ResearchVol. 3, No. 1, pp. 65-74, 2005 Lancaster EPrints:http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/18743/
20. The memory enhancing effectsof a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-agedvolunteers. Wesnes KA, Ward T, McGinty A, Petrini O.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000 Nov;152(4):353-61. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11140327 - Protective Effectof Ginseng Polysaccharides on Influenza Viral Infection Dae-GoonYoo, Min-Chul Kim, Min-Kyung Park, Kyoung-Mi Park, Fu-Shi Quan,Jae-Min Song, Jae Joon Wee, Bao-Zhong Wang, Young-Keol Cho,RichardW. Compans, Sang-Moo Kang PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33678 Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442708
- Panax ginseng as apotential immunomodulator: studies in mice. Kim JY, Germolec DR,Luster MI. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1990;12(2):257-76.Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2229924
- Immunomodulatory Activity of Ginsan, a Polysaccharide of PanaxGinseng, on Dendritic Cells Mi-Hyoung Kim, Yun-Young Byon, Eun-JuKo, Jie-Young Song, Yeon-Sook Yun, Taekyun Shin, and Hong-Gu JooKorean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009 June; 13(3): 169–173. PMC:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766729/
- Immunomodulating activity of ginsenoside Rg1 from Panax ginseng.Kenarova B, Neychev H, Hadjiivanova C, Petkov VD. Jpn J Pharmacol.1990 Dec;54(4):447-54. Pubmed:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2087006
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