Lavandin

A hybrid plant, the result of a cross between L. angustifolia and L. latifolia . Its stem is longer (60 to 80 cm) than that of lavender, it has a larger, more pointed flower head, and is more vividly purple in colour. It is also distinguished from lavender by the presence of two lateral spikelets. Its seeds are sterile, it propagates through cuttings, which is why, unlike fields of lavender that feature a variety of different shades, fields of lavandin are a uniform purple in colour.

Latin name

Lavandula x hybrida Rev.

Origin

South of France.

Used part

The flower tops.

Active components

Essential oils (linalool, linalyl acetate, camphor, eucalyptol): have pain relieving, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and anxiolytic properties.

Phenolic acids (rosmarinic and chlorogenic acid): powerful, anti-inflammatory and calming action.

Flavonoids: antioxidant.

Anthocyanins: antioxidant.

Tannins: astringent properties.

Usage

Lavender is probably the oldest fragrance in the world. The Ancient Egyptians used it in a balm as a perfume for the rich. Dioscorides wrote that it could relive indigestion, headaches and sore throats. Used externally, lavander can be used to clean wounds and burns, and to treat skin conditions. Lavender was spread over the ground to refresh the air in bedrooms and bathrooms, and was used as incense during religious ceremonies. The presence of camphor and eucalyptol in lavandin essential oil makes it less suitable for use as a component in perfume, in comparison with other sorts of lavender. However, it is perfect to diffuse in a room and for use as an ingredient in cosmetic and personal hygiene products. Thanks to these two components, this essential oil acts well against itching, calms pain and soothes insect bites and stings. It is easily absorbed by the skin, and provides an instant sensation of freshness, similar to menthol. In aromatherapy, the essential oil is used for its anxiolytic properties, which has recently been scientifically confirmed.

Bibliographical references

Composition and antipseudomonal effect of essential oils isolated from different lavender species.
Végh A, Bencsik T, Molnár P, Böszörményi A, Lemberkovics E, Kovács K, Kocsis B, Horváth G.
Nat Prod Commun. 2012 Oct;7(10):1393-6.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23157020
Pressurized fluid extraction of essential oil from Lavandula hybrida using a modified supercritical fluid extractor and a central composite design for optimization.
Kamali H, Jalilvand MR, Aminimoghadamfarouj N.
J Sep Sci. 2012 Jun;35(12):1479-85.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22740257
Potential application of aromatic plant extracts to prevent cheese blowing.
Librán CM, Moro A, Zalacain A, Molina A, Carmona M, Berruga MI.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 Jul;29(7):1179-88
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23417280
Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of some essential oils.
Aridoğan BC, Baydar H, Kaya S, Demirci M, Ozbaşar D, Mumcu E.
Arch Pharm Res. 2002 Dec;25(6):860-4.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12510839
Multiresidue analysis of multiclass pesticides in lavandin essential oil by LC/MS/MS using the scheduled selected reaction monitoring mode.
Fillâtre Y, Rondeau D, Bonnet B, Daguin A, Jadas-Hécart A, Communal PY.
Anal Chem. 2011 Jan 1;83(1):109-17
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21142025
In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants against selected foodborne pathogens.
Rota C, Carramiñana JJ, Burillo J, Herrera A.
J Food Prot. 2004 Jun;67(6):1252-6.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15222560
Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. 'Budrovka': a comparative study with L. angustifolia Mill.
Blazeković B, Vladimir-Knezević S, Brantner A, Stefan MB.
Molecules. 2010 Aug 30;15(9):5971-87.
Molecules Open Access Journals: http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/15/9/5971
Antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loiseleur) waste.
Torras-Claveria L, Jauregui O, Bastida J, Codina C, Viladomat F.
J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Oct 17;55(21):8436-43.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17927148
Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rosmarinic Acid in an Experimental Murine Model of Japanese Encephalitis
Vivek Swarup, Joydeep Ghosh, Soumya Ghosh, Amit Saxena, and Anirban Basu*
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 September; 51(9): 3367–3370.
PMC: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2043228/
Biological activities of lavender essential oil.
Cavanagh HM, Wilkinson JM
Phytother Res. 2002 Jun;16(4):301-8.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12112282
Anti-inflammatory effects of 27 selected terpenoid compounds tested through modulating Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion profiles using murine primary splenocytes.
Ku CM, Lin JY.
Food Chem. 2013 Nov 15;141(2):1104-13.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23790892
Kuromoji (Lindera umbellata) essential oil inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells.
Maeda H, Yamazaki M, Katagata Y.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2013;77(3):482-6.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23470753
Anti-inflammatory effects of linalool in RAW 264.7 macrophages and lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury model.
Huo M, Cui X, Xue J, Chi G, Gao R, Deng X, Guan S, Wei J, Soromou LW, Feng H, Wang D.
J Surg Res. 2013 Mar;180(1):e47-54.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23228323
Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils.
Peana AT, D'Aquila PS, Panin F, Serra G, Pippia P, Moretti MD.
Phytomedicine. 2002 Dec;9(8):721-6.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12587692
Intraplantar injection of bergamot essential oil into the mouse hindpaw: effects on capsaicin-induced nociceptive behaviors.
Sakurada T, Kuwahata H, Katsuyama S, Komatsu T, Morrone LA, Corasaniti MT, Bagetta G, Sakurada S.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009;85:237-48.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19607974
Antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of inhaled and orally administered Lavandula hybrida Reverchon "Grosso" essential oil.
Barocelli E, Calcina F, Chiavarini M, Impicciatore M, Bruni R, Bianchi A, Ballabeni V.
Life Sci. 2004 Nov 26;76(2):213-23.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15519366
The antinociceptive effect of (-)-linalool in models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic hypersensitivity in mice.
Batista PA, Werner MF, Oliveira EC, Burgos L, Pereira P, Brum LF, Story GM, Santos AR.
J Pain. 2010 Nov;11(11):1222-9.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20452289
(-)-Linalool attenuates allodynia in neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation in c57/bl6 mice.
Berliocchi L, Russo R, Levato A, Fratto V, Bagetta G, Sakurada S, Sakurada T, M
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009;85:221-35
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19607973
Pain relief assessment by aromatic essential oil massage on outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Ou MC, Hsu TF, Lai AC, Lin YT, Lin CC.
J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012 May;38(5):817-22.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435409
Evidence for the involvement of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors on the antinociceptive effect of (-)-linalool in mice.
Batista PA, Werner MF, Oliveira EC, Burgos L, Pereira P, Brum LF, Santos AR.
Neurosci Lett. 2008 Aug 8;440(3):299-303
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18579302
Profile of spinal and supra-spinal antinociception of (-)-linalool.
Peana AT, De Montis MG, Nieddu E, Spano MT, D'Aquila PS, Pippia P.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Feb 6;485(1-3):165-74.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14757137
(-)-Linalool produces antinociception in two experimental models of pain.
Peana AT, D'Aquila PS, Chessa ML, Moretti MD, Serra G, Pippia P.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Jan 26;460(1):37-41.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12535857
Effects of chronic administration of Melissa officinalis L. extract on anxiety-like reactivity and on circadian and exploratory activities in mice.
Ibarra A, Feuillere N, Roller M, Lesburgere E, Beracochea D.
Phytomedicine. 2010 May;17(6):397-403.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20171069
Neuroprotective effects of inhaled lavender oil on scopolamine-induced dementia via anti-oxidative activities in rats.
Hancianu M, Cioanca O, Mihasan M, Hritcu L.
Phytomedicine. 2013 Mar 15;20(5):446-52.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23351960
Effects of lavender oil inhalation on improving scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment in laboratory rats.
Hritcu L, Cioanca O, Hancianu M.
Phytomedicine. 2012 Apr 15;19(6):529-34.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22402245
The use of the essential oil lavandin to reduce preoperative anxiety in surgical patients.
Braden R, Reichow S, Halm MA.
J Perianesth Nurs. 2009 Dec;24(6):348-55.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962101
Scent and mood state following an anxiety-provoking task.
Burnett KM, Solterbeck LA, Strapp CM.
Psychol Rep. 2004 Oct;95(2):707-22.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15587240
The effects of lavender scent on dental patient anxiety levels: a cluster randomised-controlled trial.
Kritsidima M, Newton T, Asimakopoulou K.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010 Feb;38(1):83-7.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19968674
Lavender fragrance cleansing gel effects on relaxation.
Field T, Diego M, Hernandez-Reif M, Cisneros W, Feijo L, Vera Y, Gil K, Grina D, Claire He Q.
Int J Neurosci. 2005 Feb;115(2):207-22.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15764002
The effects of aromatherapy on pain, depression, and life satisfaction of arthritis patients.
Kim MJ, Nam ES, Paik SI.
Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2005 Feb;35(1):186-94.
Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15778570

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